2018年自考英语写作真题及答案
更新于：2020-02-07 10:01:47
做2013年自考英语写作的真题时，顺便答案也一起对了吧。
自考英语写作真题及答案1I. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words.Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
范文参考：
The Positive Effects of Owning a Dog on Children
Dogs are the best friend of children. The dog and the child teach each other things and they look after each other. Owning a dog can have positive effects on a child’s development. Having a dog develops a child’s sense of responsibility, broadens his capacity for empathy, and teaches him the nature of friendship.
The first advantage of owning a dog is that it’s helpful to develop a child’s sense of responsibility. Once you own a dog, you have to take care of it instead of only playing it: showering, feeding, walking, cleaning up, hair cutting and so on. Dogs are animals that have to spend time together with people or they get depressed. So you must take some time to stay with it. If they are sick, one can’t just leave it alone. All of these works are required to be carefully done which could make a child become more responsible.
Another lesson that a child can learn from having a dog is how to be empathetic. A dog cannot express itself with speech, so its owner must learn to understand what the dog’s behavior means. Is the dog frightened, aggressive, or sick? The child needs to understand what is going on in the dog’s mind. The result of learning to read a dog’s behavior is that the child develops mpathy. By learning how to empathize with a dog, the child also learns how to empathize with other people. This leads to the child becoming a more considerate and caring person.
Being considerate and caring are important characteristics in a good friend.One of the most significant benefits of owning a dog is the example of true friendship that a dog provides. A dog gives unconditional love to its owner. A dog will not stop loving its owner because of a little anger, indifference, or neglect. A dog will wait patiently for its owner to pat its head and say a few kind words. This acceptance of the negative qualities and appreciation for the positive qualities of its owner provide a wonderful model of how to be a good friend. A child who has learned to be as good a friend to others as his dog is to him will have learned one of the most valuable lessons in life.
These are some of the most important lessons a child will ever learn. The benefits of owning a dog will last in the child’s entire lifetime. The understanding and appreciation of responsibility, empathy, and friendship that a child develops from the experience of having a dog will help him or her grow into a reliable, caring, and mature adult.
自考英语写作真题及答案2II. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
范文参考：
Acting out Metaphors Encourages Creative Thinking
It happens in schools, offices, and boardrooms everywhere: someone working on a project hits a mental block. A boss or teacher might resort to a metaphor like “think outside the box” or “put two and two together,” encouraging a creative solution to the problem. As it turns out, this isn’t just abstract advice. According to an upcoming issue of Psychological Science, literally working outside of a box or putting two halves of something together just might help those creative juices start flowing again.
Since physical metaphors regarding creativity are so common and appearing in several different languages, a group of researchers hypothesized that they may extend beyond mere metaphors. Their study indicates that acting out metaphors literally can affect how our minds work.
In the first part of the study, the researchers asked 102 undergraduates to perform a Remote Associates Test (RAT), in which the subjects were given three seemingly
unrelated words and asked to come up with a word that relates to each one. For example, the subject might be given “measure,” “worm,” and “video,”and the correct response would be “tape.”
The participants were divided into three groups; one group was asked to perform this task while sitting inside a 5’ by 5’ cardboard box, another group sat outside the same box, and those in the third group performed the task without a box in the room at all. None of the
participants knew the hypothesis behind the study; they were merely told it was an experiment on different working environments.
There was no difference in performance between those inside the box and those with no box at all. However, the participants that were seated outside the box did much better on the RAT than the other two groups. Apparently, something about literally “thinking outside the box” encourages creativity.
A second experiment looked at another well-known piece of advice: to “put two and two together” to come up with an answer. In the study, 64 subjects were divided into two groups. The first group had to perform a RAT while joining halves of cut paper cards from piles on each side of a desk. The second group performed a similar task, but only had to move card halves from one side of a desk to the other side. Those “putting two and two together” by uniting the two halves of the cards did far better on the RAT than those that were merely moving the cards from one pile to another.
So, acting out metaphors linked to creativity really can help us think creatively. In fact, it does more than let us access the knowledge we presently have; it encourages us to come up with new, unique and creative ideas. Next time you’re stuck on a problem, take a minute to ponder—or even act out—your favorite metaphor, and you might happen upon a great solution.
Topic Outline
Acting out Metaphors Encourages Creative Thinking
It happens everywhere: mental block. A boss or teacher might resort to a metaphor like “think outside the box” or “put two and two together”. This isn’t just abstract advice but might really help have creative thoughts.
A group of researchers hypothesized that acting out metaphors may extend beyond mere metaphors. They can affect how our minds work.
In the first study, the researchers asked 102 undergraduates to perform a Remote Associates Test (RAT). The subjects were given three unrelated words and asked to answer a word that relates to each one.
The participants were divided into three groups; one group was asked to perform this task while sitting inside a cardboard box, another group sat outside the same box, and those in the third group performed the task without a box in the room.
There was no difference in performance between those inside the box and those with no box at all. However, the participants outside the box did much better on the RAT. Apparently, something about literally “thinking outside the box” encourages creativity.
The second experiment focused on another advice: to “put two and two together” to come up with an answer. In the study, 64 subjects were divided into two groups. The first group performed a RAT while joining halves of cut paper cards together. The second group performed a similar task, but only had to move card halves from one side of a desk to the other side. Those uniting the two halves of the cards did far better on the RAT than those that were merely moving the cards from one pile to another.
So, acting out metaphors linked to creativity really can help us think creatively.
自考英语写作真题及答案3IIl. Compose an essay. (60 points)
People are more and more concerned about the environment. Write a 300-word
expository essay stating your opinion about what we can do as individuals to improve our environment.
范文参考：
How to improve our environment
Nowadays, environment problems are are becoming more and more influential to our daily lives than only appearing in newspapers and TVs, lectures or reports. For instance, in the last winter, foggy days with the so called PM2.5 caused a panic among citizens. People were afraid of the polluted air and chose to stay at home instead of going out.
Protecting the environment is really an extremely urgent thing. As we all know, low carbon life was proposed in recent years and I think it would be a reasonable way to solve our environment crisis.
We can figure out what benefits can be gained when we transfer this conception into a real existence, a low carbon campus. This simple shift of perspective can actually transform what used to be quite far away into something that is just around us.
Take the use of electronic devices for example, when we choose to climb the stairs instead of using an elevator, when we prefer bicycles to cars, we are doing something fantastic for ourselves. Think about these activities as exercises that would not only keep us physically fit, but also spiritually energetic. If we turn off the computer when they are not in use, or even limit the hours we spend in front of them, we are not only saving the electricity, but also doing a favor to our body, preventing ourselves from too much exposure to radiation and other possible harms caused by computer. We can gain at the same tine a healthy and pain-free neck, and avoid sore muscles, worsening eyesight and so on. When we use natural wind, rather than fans or air conditioner to feel cool in summer, we are also reducing the possibilities of all the illness related to the electronic devices.
What we eat can also contribute to the establishment of a low carbon campus. More
vegetables and less meat mean that less carbon will be emitted in the process of producing and preparing for such foods. And this can also translate to a more balanced diet and healthier eating habits. Then many problems, such as overweight, tiredness or even high blood pressure and heart disease can be controlled to a certain extent when we get older. And this good eating habit actually benefits us for a life time, and what starts at campus goes a long way.
From the above analysis, we can get the basic idea that when we are doing something to reduce the carbon campus, but at the same time, we are make positive changes for oueselves.
自考英语写作真题及答案4Ⅰ. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with the ending paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the paragraph in no more than 100 words. Make sure your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
范文参考：
Living in the Present
About one of man’s frailties(弱点)Thomas Wolfe wrote, “he talks of the future and he wastes it as it comes.” This observation is related to a principle by which I try (without always succeeding) to live. I believe in living in the present because it is futile(无用的)to dwell on the past, to worry about the future, or to miss anything in the only reality I know.
It is futile to dwell on the past. What existed or happened in the past may have been beautiful or exciting and may now bring profound and precious memories; but the past is dead, and it is not healthy for living spirits to linger over a world inhabited by ghosts. The past may also be a place of horror, of regret, of spilled milk, of unfortunate deeds that “cannot be done”, of sad words like “might have been”. However, it is painful and pointless to fixate on a period that cannot be relived or repaired. It is unproductive self-punishment. The past must be kept in its place, outlived and outgrown.
It is also useless to worry about the future. Why fly to heaven before it is time? What anxious visions haunt the person who thinks too much about the future? He may imagine his own life going awry, appointments missed; advancements given to someone else; his house burned to the ground; his love lost; everything in his life as in a nightmare, slipping away from him. There is no end to the disasters a person can worry about when he focuses anxiously on the future. There are events in his future, including his own demise, over which he has little or no control, but he can ruin his life worrying about them. There are some disasters he may be able to prevent, but he must do that by living well in the present, not simply by worrying about the future.
The present moment, which is even now moving into the past, is the reality I know, and I don’t want to miss it. The wild-cherry cough drop dissolving in my mouth is sweet and soothing. Even my sore throat and back-ache have meaning. The cool night air, the crackling noises of my furnace, my cat yawning and stretching——these are the tangible realities I can recognize. They exist in this moment, together with my own breathing, the warm lamp overhead, the jerking of my typewriter. Along with these are the realities of other people and of all life on this earth, which is important to me now, not at some past or future time.
自考英语写作真题及答案5Ⅱ. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.
范文参考：
Missing out
Why does a person turn into a workaholic? Ever since George Ramirez took over his father’s store last year, he’s done nothing but work. He arrives at the store by seven in the morning and doesn’t leave until eight at night. He does paperwork at home every evening and spends most Saturdays and Sundays at the store as well. George is a man who has made work his sole priority and has lost sight everything else of value.
George rarely allows himself a free moment to do anything other than work. He used to read books, play cards, and go biking. Now the only reading he does is work related, and the only activities he participates in involve invoices, purchase orders, and store inventory.
George has abandoned his friends. For example, he used to play basketball in a local gym once or twice a week with two old buddies. He hasn’t seen or even spoken to either one for months. Even Daniel, his closest friend, rarely talks with George anymore. When Daniel phones him at the store, George’s assistant intercepts the call. Tell him I’ll call back later, George tells his assistant, but he seldom does.
Most disturbing of all, George has forgotten the meaning of family. His working hours leave him little time to spend with his wife, and even less to spend with his two children. In fact, in some respects his wife and children feel and act as though theirs is a one-parent family. Family activities such as going to the playground, checking homework, and visiting the library or a museum have all become exclusively his wife’s domain. George’s children no longer expect his presence or participation and seem surprised on those rare occasions when their father is around.
George is neglecting himself, his friends, and his family. Whatever internal demons have been driving him to work so fanatically is also pushing him away from the simple joys of life and, more important, from the people who love him. George used to say, “Call me, and I’ll be there.” Now he’s never “there” anymore. It’s not just his friends and children who are hurt by his absence. I miss George too. I miss my husband.
自考英语写作真题及答案6I. Supply the missing paragraph .(20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with the introduction missing. Study the passage carefully and write the paragraph in no more than 100 words. Make sure your tone and the vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
范文参考：
Before going into water, some warm-up exercise on the bank is necessary. You can start from learning to regulate your balance of breath. Draw a deep breath, then breathe it out as slowly as you can. This exercise helps you stay under water longer and prevents drowning. Keep doing this for a few minutes and then combine it with practicing the upper limbs. Take breaststroke for example. Put the palms together in front of your chest and push forward. Part the palms and swing them sideways with your fingers close to each other. That’ll bring your palms back to the chest. Repeat the cycle.
Now you are ready to practice the movements in water. You must be brave. Fear of water is the main barrier in learning swimming. To overcome the fear, you can wear a life jacket which can make floating easier. Simply put into practice what you learned with your arms. Breathe in with every pushing forward; breathe out during the course of circling your arms. In the meanwhile, lift your body horizontally and move your legs in the same way as frogs do in water. You may find with a pleasant surprise that you can swim.
Repeat the series of actions until you are confident in throwing away the life jacket. Once you have learned this basic movement, it is easy to try floating on water, a must for a swimmer.
Like other skills, swimming requires courage, persistence and practice. “Practice makes perfect.” Usually it takes two weeks to a month to learn swimming. When you can swim freely, you’ll enjoy the voluptuous touch of water on your body. But don’t forget the tips. Before you become a skilled swimmer, stay in the shallow water. Second, whenever and wherever you swim, be sure to be in the sight of people. After all, safety comes first.
自考英语写作真题及答案7Ⅱ.Write an outline .(20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.
范文参考：
Midnight
It was eight o’clock, and like millions of other Americans, I was staring at the television set wondering what kind of a lesson Mr. Huxtable was going to teach his children next on The Bill Cosby Show. I was glued to the set like an average eleven-year-old couch potato while leisurely eating a can of cold Chef Boyardee spaghetti in my empty living room. As I watched the show, I gradually fell asleep on the floor fully clothed in a pair of blue jeans and a Tshirt, wondering when my parents would come home. Around midnight I suddenly woke up to a rustling noise when my parents finally arrived from a long day at work. I could see in their tired faces the grief and the hardship of working at a dry cleaner.
They worked in modern times, but in conditions similar to those of eighteen-century factory workers. Because they were immigrants with little formal education and spoke broken English, only hard, physically demanding jobs were available to them. Therefore, they worked at a dry cleaner that was as big as a factory, a place where smaller cleaners sent their clothes to be cleaned.
My parents had to fulfill certain quotas: Several hundred garments——shirts, pants, and other clothing——had to be cleaned and pressed per day. By themselves, every day, they did an amount of work that should have taken four laborers to complete. The muscles of my mother’s shoulders and arms became as firm as iron from working with the press, which is considered a difficult job even for man. In addition to pressing, my father washed the clothes in the machines, which was the reason a strong odor of oil was permanently embedded in his working clothes.
Not only were my parents’ jobs physically demanding, but they also had to work long hours. They went to work at five o’clock in the morning and came home anytime between nine o’clock at night and midnight. They worked over twelve hours daily at the dry cleaner, where the eight-hour workday did not exist. Their only rest was two ten-to-twenty-minute breaks——one for lunch and one for dinner. They did not stop even when they were burned by the hot press or by the steam rising from it. It was obvious that they worked at a dry cleaner because of the scars on their arms. Their burned skin would blister and later peel off, showing their raw flesh. In time they would heal, but other burns would soon follow.
Along with having to work overtime without compensation and suffering injuries without treatment, my parents were paid below the minimum wage. These two people who did the work of four laborers together received a paycheck equivalent to that of a single worker. This money was then spent to feed and house a household of five people.
As my parents silently entered our home around midnight, they did not have to complain about their jobs. I could see their anguish in the wrinkles on their foreheads and their fatigue in the languid movements of their bodies. Their eyes looked toward me saying, “We hate our jobs, but we have to work in order to survive.”
自考英语写作真题及答案8Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the following passage carefully and write a body paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.
范文参考：
In recent 10 years, with the advent of IT era, the role of a library has changed a lot. It is no longer restricted to the traditional function of lending books, but becomes a synthesis of educational functions. Some people think that a library should keep in pace with modern technology while others insist that a library should maintain its original function and resist hi-tech materials.
Admittedly, books are the main resources of a library, and helping people to read is the main function of a library. But the 21st century has changed the traditional definition of “book”. It is not only related to the printed materials, but also expands to a wider range, covering visual and audio publications, e-books, essay data bases, and website resources. In such an occasion, a library has to reform its old functions and introduce new functions. Once a library becomes modern, it would have the ability to display all educational resources to the public. Otherwise, it might fade out from our horizon and even become a museum. Moreover, it is the public’s demand that dominates the reformation of a library. Nowadays, people ask more. They are no longer satisfied with a simple function in a library, and furthermore, they would like to enjoy a cup of coffee as well. Therefore, a library has to add café, internet bar and video room to its original design. Overall, the money spent on the relatively expensive hi-tech media would arm a library and make it more educational, as well as attractive. What it invests would definitely result in a huge return.
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All things considered, I have reasons to believe that developing hi-tech media in a library is a right choice. A library should allocate a certain part of money on updating hi-tech materials, as well as books.
自考英语写作真题及答案9Ⅱ.Write an outline (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.
范文参考：
Last year alone, more than one million children in the United States chose home-schooling over traditional education. This stunning figure was released according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Home-schooling is a recent development in education. Not long ago, it was considered too radical by many education experts. Nowadays, it is legalized in every state and more than one million children have undergone home-schooling and many more parents are seriously considering home-schooling.
The interesting thing was: What prompted such a change? There have been many recent surveys to suggest that parents are getting impatient and fed up with our public schooling system. It is seen as being superficial with no real-life skills being applied and taught.
Parents are also concerned about the negative publicity often portrayed in news. Examples are school students taking drugs in schools, abusing fellow students physically and even students bringing guns and knives to schools. Parents are concerned about the negative peer influences that these students have on their children.
Home-schooling offers an opportunity to end all that and allows parents to bring up their children in a natural and loving environment. It is especially important in the early years of a child’s development (between three to twelve years old ) as this is the period where they are prone to negative influences and peer pressure and cannot differentiate what is right and what is wrong. Home-schooling helps to protect them from such negative influences.
Another benefit of home-schooling is that it is an inevitable bond between the child and the parents. The parents and the child spend more time together forming a unique bond. The bond gets stronger as time passes and later you will find that you can connect with your child better than you never thought before.
Parents can also have better control over the kind of moral and religious beliefs that a child should have. Parents can impart their moral values and beliefs to their children easily since they spend more time together.
So what is stopping parents from adopting home-schooling? For one thing, home-schooling requires a lot of time and money. For most families, both parents need to be working full-time to support the family. Many home-schooling families are dependent on one parent for the income. The other parent has to devote full-time to home-schooling the child. Therefore in some cases, it is not possible to adopt home-schooling unless you are financially stable.
The other interesting phenomenon is that more and more home-schooling support groups are appearing in the neighborhood. They help to guide and support each other. Some home-schooling support groups have even gone online. If you do decide to go home-schooling, find a home-schooling support group in your area.